TCP/IP Networking Technical Operations

Question: Depict about the TCP/IP Networking for Technical Operations. Answer: 1: Repeater: this is mostly for taking care of the tasks at the degree of the physical layer. It can produce the signs totally with a similar system design. For this, it is principally that the sign is seen as degenerate or feeble thus they are totally seen as defiled alongside dealing with enhancement of the signs with the administration of the recovery of the first quality. (Hassan et al., 2003). Switch: This depends on the focuses which depends on the linkage to deal with the MAC address with the best possible associations with the framework. There have been signal transmission of the information with the best possible systems administration execution which depends on taking care of the tasks relying upon the full-duplex mode. The examples of the transmission depend on the switches which are employable and the transmission depends on taking care of the association of 200 to 300 Mbps. Switches: these are for the treatment of the sensible data tending to with the systems administration header for the parcels with the IP address. The switches can deal with the bigger system with the capacity to deal with similar conventions with the attention on the telecom stream and the directing programming arrangement. (Marchette, 2001). Switch is costly than the switch. It is chiefly because of the arrangement of the associations which are of the various gadgets for the LAN frameworks. The IP address can deal with the security of the gadget alongside taking care of the information sending to the specific goal. With this, there has been not a single firewall in sight in the switches or no transmission capacity. The switches are more mind boggling and costly than the repeaters. This is for the most part because of the repeaters are for the most part to deal with the transmission in the scope of a bigger separation. Where there is a patter arrangement of the transmission which is on a more drawn out separation. This is for the most part to deal with the transmission of the information with the crash of the information. (Tozer, 2004). 2: a. number of address with 256*128=32768 postfix length log 2128=7 For the 128 location,/25 cover. 255.255.255.128 is for bunch 1. 150.80.0.0/25 for subnet 1 150.80.0.128/25 for subnet 2 to 150.80.0.255/25 150.80.1.0/25..150.80.1.128/25 for subnet 3 thus on..subnet 100 For 200th subnet 150.80.99.128/25 till 150.80.99.255/25 The total location is 256*128=32768 used=200*128=25600 saved 7168 56 are to be doled out. next location 150.80.100.0 400 size with 16 location - cover is/28 veil or 255.255.255.240 address 512*16=8192 Addition Length 4log 216=4 subnet 1 as 150.80.128.0/28 Subnet 2 as 150.80.128.16/28 Subnet 16 as 150.80.100.240/28 Subnet 400[400/16=25] as 150.80.152.240/28 to 150.80.152.255/28 Unused 150.80.153.0 to 150.82.159.255 utilized 400*16=6400 location Saved 1792 112 can be alloted. Next location - 150.80.160.0 2000 family units,/30 veil or 255.255.255.252 address is 2048*4=8192 Addition length is 2log 24=2 and the prefix length is 32-2=30 subnet 1 as 150.80.160.0/30 Subnet 2 as 150.80.160.4/30 Subnet 16 as 150.80.160.252/64 Subnet 1984 as 150.80.160.252/30 31*64=1984 Subnet 2000 as 150.80.191.60/30 Next location 150.80.191.64 Utilized 2000*4=8000 held 192 These can be for 48 families. Staying 16384 3: R1 - N1 associate with A N2 associate with B N3 associate with C and E. R2 - N3 associate with E and C N4 associate with D N5 associate with E N6 associate with F. Subsequently, R1 is more intricate than R2. There are N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, and N6 organize. 4: The separation vector directing depends on taking care of the littler systems administration framework which will be founded on taking care of the scale up with the more elevated levels of the CPU and the use. There have been bounce counters for the assurance of the way which is fitting to the treatment of the source and the goal. (Martin et al., 1994). The working depends on the association with the various updates and the occasional issues, with the start to finish perceivability approach for the data to be conveyed to the diverse inclined regions. With the connection state steering, the innovation has had the option to take a shot at the tasks which can arrange the framework approach and the support. The examples are essentially to deal with the NLSP where there is a need to figure the best and the short way for the treatment of the bundle framework. (Gamma, 1995). There has been usage set for the techniques which are primarily to control and successfully handle the timespan which will have the option to multicast the framework just as the updates to different neighbors. (Slowing down, 1998). 5: ICMP depends on the treatment of the information where there is a need to take a shot at the doors with the buffering examples to deal with the headings. (Perkins et al., 1995). According to the IP address, there is definitely not an appropriate unwavering quality on the controlled input of the framework. This depends on taking care of the arrangement alongside appropriately arranging and controlling the various systems for the unwavering quality. This is coordinated to deal with the examples where the ICMP is chiefly for the non-sending of the messages. (Vasilakos et al., 2016). The limit with respect to the systems administration examples will be through the sending of the datagrams which will have the option to deal with the sending of the traffic framework according to the premise of the switch. Through this, it is anything but difficult to deal with and chip away at the various examples which incorporates the TTL messages alongside the lapse subtleties. (Shang et al., 2016). References Hassan, M., Jain, R. (2003).High execution TCP/IP networking(Vol. 29). Prentice Hall. Marchette, D. J. (2001). TCP/IP Networking. InComputer Intrusion Detection and Network Monitoring(pp. 3-42). Springer New York. Tozer, E. P. J. (2004). TCP/IP Networking.Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book, 61. Martin, J., Leben, J. (1994).TCP/IP organizing: design, organization, and programming. Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Gamma, E. (1995).Design examples: components of reusable item arranged programming. Pearson Education India. Stallings, W. (1998). Rapid networks.TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles, Upper SaddleRiver, NJ, Prenti c eHall, In c. Perkins, C. E., Jagannadh, T. (1995, July). DHCP for portable systems administration with TCP/IP. InComputers and Communications, 1995. Procedures., IEEE Symposium on(pp. 255-261). IEEE. Vasilakos, A. V., Zhang, Y., Spyropoulos, T. (Eds.). (2016).Delay open minded systems: Protocols and applications. CRC press. Shang, W., Yu, Y., Droms, R., Zhang, L. (2016).Challenges in IoT Networking by means of TCP/IP Architecture. NDN Project, Tech. Rep. NDN-0038.

I couldn’t wait to get there Free Essays

I couldn’t hold back to arrive, the Cayman Islands this was. On the tiring plane excursion there, each spirit was sleeping separated from mine, longing for what the following fourteen days would have been similar to for me. The completely clear cobalt blue oceans and the sandy sun-kissed shore. We will compose a custom article test on I couldn’t hold back to arrive or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Unadulterated heaven and a way to unwinding! Before I knew it we had contacted down in Little Cayman the view really dazzling. Everything I could see was the suns copying sweltering beams twinkling off the outside of the quiet Caribbean Sea. Before my feet had the opportunity to contact the ground I was in the ocean with my snorkel respecting the beautiful submerged life. Totally untainted, favored with regular fortunes and with its remarkable submerged perceivability it totally blew my mind. With the solid reef and energizing marine life, nature sweethearts would discover indigenous untamed life thus did I? I couldn’t oppose any longer, I took my final gasp and judiciously swam into another world under the ocean. I felt so incredible, innocuously annihilating all the various species from my way as I further slid towards the splendidly shaded coral. I felt an abnormal sensations leave behind my body as the plants and coral delicately brushed against me. It was getting cold now so my heart accelerated drastically spending my little hold oxygen I had in me, so I needed to get up for some more soon. Similarly as I pulled away I felt my lower leg get grasped together. I froze, what was it I thought? Coral! As I spun my head round it was in certainty an enormous octopus. I yanked my foot however he determinedly hung on. I kicked by and by, yet without any result. I was rapidly coming up short on air and the last saves I had went straight out my mouth and rose to the surface. I was thinking except if he gives up I’m going to kick the bucket. Nobody will know where I am or what befell me. This astounding occasion reaching an appalling conclusion. What will my family do? I gradually backed off and my eyes shut. I was slipping all through compactness while my lungs topped off with seawater. I was practically dead! At that point without no notification he let go my doused body gradually skimmed to the surface and sprung up like a Boyd. Gagging and spluttering, the water before long cleared my lungs, supplanted with all around required air. I despite everything had no vitality and no clue where I was; I absolutely didn’t have the vitality to swim to the shore. I was battling for my life. I fell oblivious once more. A few hours after the fact I was got up on the shore, my mum attempting to wake me up. How I returned to the shore, I will never know however express gratitude toward God I’m still alive! Step by step instructions to refer to I couldn’t hold on to arrive, Papers

How Can a Praxis Essay Sample Help Students?

How Can a Praxis Essay Sample Help Students?Praxis essay samples are ideal for any student who is looking to improve their grades and have a healthy work ethic. Students often have difficult subjects to learn, but with a little effort, this is easier to learn than ever before.With so many busy students today, it is more important than ever that students have an easy way to learn. With Praxis essay samples, students can learn to write good papers easily without having to study.To help students get started, companies would pay them money to read the sample drafts they send them. Of course, students would need to think about what topics to write about. Students have to come up with topics that students would find interesting, but that would be easy to understand.If you are ready to take your writing to the next level, choose a Praxis essay sample that will show you how to make use of the examples in the sample drafts. These exercises help to provide examples and techniques that you can use to give your students the information they need to write well.When writing standard essays, students must pay close attention to their spelling and grammar, but when they learn how to use examples, they will do better. Good example writers can help students with their essays much better than reading their own work.They are also good sources of learning new techniques for writing papers and essays that will improve your grades. If you are looking for a product that will teach students how to write papers, then you should consider using a Praxis product.Online teaching materials are available on the Internet that cover everything from sample drafts to essay formulas. If you would like to know how to use online teaching material, then you should try using Praxis for Education. This product is easy to find online, but is also well worth the price you pay for it.

Mooc And Document Orientated Nosql Database - 2301 Words

MOOC and document orientated NoSQL database Abstract: MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) is getting popularity in not only in Universities worldwide but also in the people who want to enrich their skill sets. As the demand grows, different MOOC websites are taking appropriate action to provide more dynamic environment. They are using NoSQL to maintain the data. Most of the MOOC websites using Document type NoSQL databases to manage videos, forums and assignments. But when it comes to decide which NoSQL database should be implemented there are many choices like MongoDB, CouchDB, ClusterPoint etc. and consequently a question arises why majority of MOOC websites are using MongoDB instead of CouchDB which is also a NoSQL document oriented database? In the following paper it will be more clear which database MongoDB or CouchDB in the present time is more suitable to use for a MOOC website. Introduction: Distance learning had three generations 1. Correspondence Study 2. Multimedia 3. Computer mediate After the industrial revolution, correspondence study started in the Europe and United States because more skilled work force was required and also reliability and speed of postal service was improved greatly. In the 20th century multimedia is introduced and became new tool of education for teachers and learners. Class became more adaptable to reach different kind of audience result of that even people of remote areas started to get grasp on the subject. But Multimedia still lack

Silence in Cultures - 1689 Words

The use of silence varies from one culture to another. Western traditional cultures perception of and use of silence are different from eastern cultures of the world. Countries which adapted much of the Greek culture and learned from Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato high value socializing and believe talking as an important activity. Some countires that view the perception of silence in this way are the United States, Germany, and France. However, Eastern cultures such as Japan and India find silence very appealing. Silence is not only developed in Asian cultures, but it is also found in many Scandinavian cultures and American Indian cultures. The Japanese culture observed that silence can serve a variety of purposes. It can be seen as a†¦show more content†¦186). Men have typically communicated to exert control, preserve independence, and enhance status. They typically minimize feelings. Doing this enables men to use problem solving, data collection, and solution suggestions . They emphasize content rather than feelings. Wood states that men also, â€Å"expresses superiority and maintains control† (p. 188). Men redirect conversations fro their own benefit and interrupt as a controlling or challenging device. This allow the man to drive the conversation, asserting the control. Forceful and direct language is common among men. Wood also goes on to state that, â€Å"men tend to speak in abstact terms that are general and removed from personal experiences† (p. 188). This allows the men to keep their emotions out of the conversation. Lastly, the conversation of men is not very responsive. Sympathy, understanding, and self disclosure are rarely expressed because these responses are condescending and make one vulnerable. Understanding these communications allows one to understand more about one another. From the early beginnings, it was prevalent that girls, typically more passive with a more rational thought process normally grows into one who communicates with feelings and understanding. Boys growing up show aggressiveness that eventually evolved into a lack of expressionShow MoreRelatedWe Cry On The Inside : Image Theater And Rwanda s Culture Of Silence1688 Words   |  7 Pages It is often discussed that Rwandans have a â€Å"culture of silence† or an aptitude to withhold their personal struggles or opinions. There are phrases in Kinyarwanda that demonstrate this cultural trait such as â€Å"keep it all inside† and â€Å"we cry on the inside† (Blair Fletcher 4). In Blair and Fletcher’s article We Cry on the Inside: Image Theater and Rwanda’s Culture of Silence, a member of one of the theater activities stated â€Å"It’s not easy to explain your problems to another. 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She has learned it well, its idioms, its nuances, over the years, silence within her small body has grown large and powerful† (Kogawa 17). The silence grew within her, bringing difficulty to verbalize her suffering. Silence has become her way of expression

Correlation between Personal Interactions Performance and Innovation

Question: Discuss Correlation between Personal Interactions, Performance and Innovation? Answer: Introduction The strategic aspects, features as well as values are becoming increasingly significant than cost as well as effectiveness. Regarding this aspect, Pentland did the deployment of badges that will be tracking the ways by which individuals are talking with each other, who will be talking with whom, ways by which individuals will be moving around the office and where they will be spending the time. Pentland did the identification of three major components regarding successful communication that are exploration to interact with individuals in many different social groups, engagement to interact with individuals within a social group as well as energy to interact with increasing number of individuals. Workspaces that move people Correlation between personal interactions, performance and innovation Faith is considered having the tight correlation within personal interactions, performance as well as innovation. The designing of the new campus of Google has been done for maximizing chance encounters. In recent times, Samsung did the unveiling of plans regarding new U.S. headquarters. Even though faith is considered being nice, but it needs to be considered whether it will be effective or not (Barney 2015). Samsungs social space could be regarded being another in a long line of fads as well as broken promises relating to the designing of the workspace. To understand whether the approaches are productive it is required to know the key metric that the organizations are using for measuring space, which is focusing on the effectiveness. Limited number of companies are measuring whether the design of a space is helping or hurting the ability to perform (Chang 2016). They are having the means, similar sensors, activity trackers, smartphones as well as social networks, which they are imp osing on customers in an eager manner for revealing their habits as well as behavioural aspects that will be turning inward, regarding staffs in their environments for work. Collection of performance data For collecting the data to perform, there is the requirement to use different tools, from simple network analytics to sociometric badges that will be capturing the aspect of interacting, communicating as well as locating the information. Post the deployment of thousands of badges in offices that ranges from pharmaceuticals, finance, as well as software organizations in respect of hospitals, there will be the beginning of unlocking the secrets regarding effective office design regarding density, individual proximity as well as social nature (Ebert 2014). Recognizing the office space as not just an amortized asset but a strategic developmental tool The consulting as well as designing company Strategy Plus will be estimating that office use will be peaking at 42% on any given day. The optimum way for managing cost per square foot is removing square foot that is wasted. Designing offices for reflecting ways by which 21st century digital work is actually occurring The buildings that we are going daily, have not changed in comparison to the tools that we are using for completing the work. To merge the patterns of digital communication with physical space will be increasing the possibility to interact that will be leading towards innovation as well as effectiveness (Wells 2013). Re-engineering offices for weaving a building, or different spaces related to work into the urban fabric The future office will be mostly including highly networked, shared as well as multipurpose spaces that will redefining boundaries within organizations as well as improving the performing ability of every individual (Gamble 2015). Office space as tools of communication In this context, the strategic aspects, features as well as values are becoming increasingly significant than cost as well as effectiveness. Regarding this aspect, Pentland did the deployment of badges that will be tracking the ways by which individuals are talking with each other, who will be talking with whom, ways by which individuals will be moving around the office and where they will be spending the time. Pentland did the identification of three major components regarding successful communication that are exploration to interact with individuals in many different social groups, engagement to interact with individuals within a social group as well as energy to interact with increasing number of individuals (Meyer 2015). Growth of coworking Growth related to coworking as well as coworkers surveys are demonstrating that when a choice is given, individuals will be choosing workspaces that are supporting their digital style while providing them with the accessibility regarding new knowledge, exposing them to various types of skills as well as doing the acceleration of their learning. The success related with coworking has assisted certain teams in graduating out of their spaces of coworking (Gandini 2015). Even though the model is providing in a clear manner the exploration that is required by the independent workers as well as very small groups, when teams will be reaching a critical size, generally around ten members, they require increasing their association with each other. This will be leading towards the aspect of scaling the space for coworking. The first floor of the new campus for Amazon, in Seattle is majorly a coworking space (Merkel 2015). Ace Hotel is marketing the lobby of its New York flagship as a workspace in an active manner. ATT did the creation of Foundry, a network of research centres where engineers are working side by side with start-ups that are handpicked, corporate partners as well as 3rd party developers for bringing new products to the market very fast. Bankers like ING Direct also did the building of seven cafes that is presently known as Capital One 360 Cafes, in which the organizations workers would be setting up shops as well as interacting with customers that could be using the workspace as well. Moreover, Airbnb has converted one of its conference rooms as its new headquarters (Rosemann 2015). Coworking is getting successful since it is integrating in a successful manner better workspace design that will be enhancing the aspect of exploring the digital work habits regarding individuals as well as small teams. In certain cases, there is a possibility for scaling the benefits associated with coworking that includes high rates of collision as well as accelerated learning for building an overall neighbourhood. For instance, The Downtown Project, in Las Vegas is still regarded to be a controlled experiment. It will not be capturing the complexity to get organizations as well as civic bodies for cooperating in a routine as well as continual manner while making adaptations for technological changes that are considered being inevitable (Kubtov 2014). Also, Tony Hsieh, Zappos CEO did the investment $350 million in the place around the new headquarters of the organization. Hsiehs objective is associated with growing the local start-up as well as entrepreneurial community in a manner that will be attracting the areas talent in an organic manner that will be beneficial regarding the staffs at Zappos as well as the neighbourhood. Jennifer Magnolfi did the participation in developing as well as analysing the space for coworking within the headquarters at Zappos and led a local experiment regarding coworking whose launching took place in early 2012 and eventual growth occurred for including almost 200 stakeholders (Wild 2014). Conclusion It is to be concluded that growth related to coworking as well as coworkers surveys are demonstrating that when a choice is given, individuals will be choosing workspaces that are supporting their digital style while providing them with the accessibility regarding new knowledge, exposing them to various types of skills as well as doing the acceleration of their learning. The success related with coworking has assisted certain teams in graduating out of their spaces of coworking. Even though the model is providing in a clear manner the exploration that is required by the independent workers as well as very small groups, when teams will be reaching a critical size, generally around ten members, they require increasing their association with each other. This will be leading towards the aspect of scaling the space for coworking. Reference Barney, J.B. and Hesterly, W., 2015.Strategic management and competitive advantage concepts and cases. Pearson. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Ebert, R.J., Griffin, R.W., Starke, F.A. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014.Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada. Gamble, J., Peteraf, M.A. and Thompson, A.A., 2015.Essentials of strategic management FOURTH EDITION. McGraw-Hill. Gandini, A., 2015. The rise of coworking spaces: A literature review.ephemera,15(1), p.193. Kubtov, J., 2014, September. The Cause and Impact of the Development of Coworking in the Current Knowledge Economy. InEuropean Conference on Knowledge Management(Vol. 2, p. 571). Academic Conferences International Limited. Merkel, J., 2015. Coworking in the city.ephemera,15(1), p.121. Meyer, A. and Fourie, I., 2015. Collaborative information seeking environments benefiting from holistic ergonomics.Library Hi Tech,33(3), pp.439-459. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wells, G. ed., 2013.Sustainable business: Theory and practice of business under sustainability principles. Edward Elgar Publishing. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

What The U.S. Can Learn From Japan Essays - Economy, Fiscal Policy

What the U.S. can learn from Japan Japan and the Four Little Dragons in order to achieve their industrialization goals have a diverse set of policies ranging from limited entitlement programs to a education and government bureaucracy that stresses achievement and meritocracy. But one of the most significant innovations of Japan and the Four Little Dragons is there industrial policy which targets improving specific sectors of the economy by focusing R&D, subsidies, and tax incentives to specific industries that the government wants to promote. The United States could adopt some of these industrial policies to help foster emerging high tech businesses and help existing U.S. business remain competitive with East Asia. In Japan the government both during the Meiji period and the post World War II period followed a policy of active, sector selective industrial targeting. Japan used basically the same model during both historical periods. The Japanese government would focus its tax incentive programs, subsidies, and R&D on what it saw as emerging industries. During the Meiji period Japan focused it's attention on emulating western technology such as trains, steel production, and textiles. The Meiji leaders took taxes levied on agriculture to fund the development of these new industries. Following World War II Japanese industries used this same strategic industrial policy to develop the high-tech, steel, and car industries that Japan is known for today. Some American industries are currently heavily supported by the government through subsidies and tax breaks to farmers, steel producers, and other industries that have been hurt by foreign competition because they are predominantly low-tech industries. But this economic policy of the U.S. is almost a complete reversal of the economic policies of Japan and the Four Little Tigers; instead of fostering new businesses and high tech industry it supports out of date and low tech firms who have political clout. The existing economic policy of the United States fails to help high tech businesses develop a competitive advantage on the world market instead it stagnates innovation by providing incentives primarily to existing business. The structure of U.S. industrial policy like the structure of an advance welfare state has emphasized rewarding powerful lobbying groups and has not targeted emerging sectors of the economy. The current U.S. industrial policy is a distribution strategy and not a development strategy. Instead of this ad-hoc industrial policy the United States should follow Japan's model of strategic targeting of emerging technology. The U.S. instead of pouring its money into subsidies and tax breaks for failing low-tech industries should provide loans, subsidies and R&D money for firms that are producing high technology products. Unfortunately, there are several impediments to copying Japan's model: first, tremendous political pressure from interest groups forces politicians to give corporate welfare to failing established firms and not emerging firms. Second, it is difficult for a government to select which sectors of the economy it will target. But despite these obstacles the U.S. is now confronted with trading powers who have coordinated government programs to foster the development of new technology; in comparison the U.S. governments reliance on individual initiative and a lack of government support for new industries has allowed Japan and the Four Little Dragon's to catch up to the U.S. in the area of high technology. In the coming years the U.S. could not just lose its advantage but fall behind if it fails to redirect government subsidies from failing firms to emerging sectors of the economy copying Japan's industrial development model.

The Evolution of the First Mammals

The Evolution of the First Mammals Ask the average person on the street, and he or she might guess that the first mammals didnt appear on the scene until after the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and, moreover, that the last dinosaurs evolved into the first mammals. The truth, though, is very different. In fact, the first mammals evolved from a population of vertebrates called  therapsids (mammal-like reptiles) at the end of the Triassic period and coexisted with dinosaurs throughout the Mesozoic Era. But part of this folktale has a grain of truth. It was only after the dinosaurs went kaput that mammals were able to evolve beyond their tiny, quivering, mouselike forms into the widely specialized species that populate the world today. These popular misconceptions about the mammals of the Mesozoic Era are easy to explain. Scientifically speaking, dinosaurs tended to be very, very big and early mammals tended to be very, very small. With a couple of exceptions, the first mammals were tiny, inoffensive creatures, rarely more than a few inches long and a few ounces in weight, about on a par with modern shrews. Thanks to their low profiles, these hard-to-see critters could feed on insects and small reptiles (which bigger ​raptors and tyrannosaurs tended to ignore), and they could also scurry up trees or dig into burrows to avoid getting stomped on by larger ornithopods and sauropods. The Evolution of the First Mammals Before discussing how the first mammals evolved, its helpful to define what distinguishes mammals from other animals, especially reptiles. Female mammals possess milk-producing mammary glands with which they suckle their young. All mammals have hair or fur during at least some stage of their life cycles, and all are endowed with warm-blooded (endothermic) metabolisms. Regarding the fossil record, paleontologists can distinguish ancestral mammals from ancestral reptiles by the shape of their skull and neck bones, as well as the presence, in mammals, of two small bones in the inner ear (in reptiles, these bones constitute part of the jaw). As mentioned above, the first mammals evolved toward the end of the Triassic period from a population of therapsids, the mammal-like reptiles that arose in the early Permian period and produced such uncannily mammal-like beasts as Thrinaxodon and Cynognathus. By the time they went extinct in the mid-Jurassic period, some therapsids had evolved proto-mammalian traits (fur, cold noses, warm-blooded metabolisms, and possibly even live birth) that were further elaborated upon by their descendants of the later Mesozoic Era. As you can imagine, paleontologists have a hard time distinguishing between the last, highly evolved therapsids and the first, newly evolved mammals. Late Triassic vertebrates like Eozostrodon, Megazostrodon  and Sinoconodon appear to have been intermediate missing links between therapsids and mammals, and even in the early Jurassic period, Oligokyphus  possessed reptilian ear and jaw bones at the same time as it showed every other sign (rat-like teeth, the habit of suckling its young) of being a mammal. If this seems confusing, bear in mind that the modern-day platypus is classified as a mammal, even though it lays reptilian, soft-shelled eggs rather than giving birth to live young! The Lifestyles of the First Mammals The most distinctive thing about the mammals of the Mesozoic Era is how small they were. Although some of their therapsid ancestors attained respectable sizes. For example, the late Permian Biarmosuchus was about the size of a large dog. Very few early mammals were larger than mice, for a simple reason: dinosaurs had already become the dominant terrestrial animals on earth. The only ecological niches open to the first mammals entailed a) feeding on plants, insects and small lizards, b) hunting at night (when predatory dinosaurs were less active), and c) living high up in trees or underground, in burrows. Eomaia,  from the early Cretaceous period, and Cimolestes,  from the late Cretaceous period, were fairly typical in this regard. This isnt to say that all early mammals pursued identical lifestyles. For example, the North American Fruitafossor  possessed a pointed snout and mole-like claws, which it used to dig for insects. And, the late Jurassic Castorocauda  was built for a semi-marine lifestyle, with its long, beaver-like tail and hydrodynamic arms and legs. Perhaps the most spectacular deviation from the basic Mesozoic mammalian body plan was Repenomamus, a three-foot-long, 25-pound carnivore that is the only mammal known to have fed on dinosaurs (a fossilized specimen of Repenomamus has been found with the remains of a Psittacosaurus in its stomach). Recently, paleontologists discovered conclusive fossil evidence for the first important split in the mammal family tree, the one between placental and marsupial mammals. Technically, the first, marsupial-like mammals of the late Triassic period are known as metatherians. From these evolved the eutherians, which later branched off into placental mammals. The type specimen of Juramaia, the Jurassic mother, dates to about 160 million years ago, and demonstrates that the metatherian/eutherian split occurred at least 35 million years before scientists had previously estimated. The Age of Giant Mammals Ironically, the same characteristics that helped mammals maintain a low profile during the Mesozoic Era also allowed them to survive the K/T Extinction Event that doomed the dinosaurs. As we now know, that giant meteor impact 65 million years ago produced a kind of nuclear winter, destroying most of the vegetation that sustained the herbivorous dinosaurs, which themselves sustained the carnivorous dinosaurs that preyed on them. Because of their tiny size, early mammals could survive on much less food, and their fur coats (and warm-blooded metabolisms) helped keep them warm in an age of plunging global temperatures. With the dinosaurs out of the way, the Cenozoic Era was an object lesson in convergent evolution: mammals were free to radiate into open ecological niches, in many cases taking on the general shape of their dinosaur predecessors. Giraffes, as you may have noticed, are eerily similar in body plan to ancient sauropods like Brachiosaurus, and other mammalian megafauna pursued similar evolutionary paths. Most important, from our perspective, early primates like Purgatorius were free to multiply, populating the branch of the evolutionary tree that led eventually to modern humans.

A Story About Courage Essay Example for Free

A Story About Courage Essay ? Waking up in the morning to birds chirping and the warm summer breeze is almost impossible when you live in the heart of New York City, well it is for me at least. My name is Sandy Collins, I’m your typical teenage girl. I like going out with my friends, having slumber parties, and going shopping. I moved from Texas to New York City a month and a half ago. The moment I stepped out of the car I instantly loved the change. It wasn’t that I didn’t enjoy living in Texas, but now living in New York felt like it made much more sense. As a child I did everything with my dad. Biking, fishing, rollerblading, you name it. I, Sandy Collins has done it. My dad always said he wanted a better life for me then what he had, he sure meant it. Back when I was almost eleven years old my parents got a divorce, great birthday present, huh? At first when I’d walk into the room where my parents would be arguing, they’d pretend they were only talking loud of some sort. But as the months went by, they didn’t even noticed when I’d enter the room. Soon after that my mom filed for a divorce, leaving me in the middle. It was hard to cope with it to begin with, but soon after that I realized I had no part in what happened. Now four years later here I am making the decision to move in with my dad. When I first mentioned moving to New York to my mom, her reaction was absolutely no. After mentioning it a few more times, giving her a month or two, she finally realized that I should be able to make my own decisions because in the end it’d make me happier. Now five months after, BAM! New York City here I come. The twelve hour drive was definitely the worst road trip, bonding time, or whatever my mom would wish to call it. She came up with a clever idea to shove me, my seven year old brother Ricky, my stepfather Joe, and herself in our beat up Toyota Tercel and take on the task to drive us all the way to New York for the last bonding time she’ll have with me in a long time. Not to mention we’re in the month of July. â€Å"Sweetie would you like something to eat? † mom said shaking my shoulder. I’d fallen asleep three hours into the drive. We ordered from the nearest fast food place, Mcdondalds, filling all our hungry appetites. After about ten hours I became so bored I started to play with the lose thread on my shirt. I could tell Ricky wasn’t having any more fun then I was considering he was opening and closing the screen of his Nintendo DS over and over and over again. The traffic became agony, there’s no doubt that you could put your car in park for five minutes and no would notice. Finally after hours of traffic we arrived at the house. Dad had just walked out the front door waving and smiling. â€Å"Dad! † I exclaimed while giving him a giant bear hug. â€Å"Hi hunny, I’m so glad you’re here. Dad said smiling. â€Å"Nice place you got here† Joe said examining it with his eyes. We’ve never been to dad’s place before, he’d always come to Texas to visit on special occasions and my birthday’s. â€Å"Now you be good, call whenever you have the time and no late night walks, New York is very different then back home. † Mom said. She kept going on until she had run out of things to say. â€Å"Okay, Okay mom. See you at thanksgiving, love you. † I said giving her a hug. I realized after saying that, that made her take-in how long it’d be until we’d see each other again. After saying goodbye to everyone I knew I’d miss each and everyone back home in Texas terribly but I had a feeling this was a change for the better. What we had left of the day, dad decided it’d be a good idea to show me around the neighbourhood. â€Å"Your hair is so straight and black now† dad said. â€Å"Yeah, I coloured it a few months ago. I thought it was time for some change, like moving here. † I said smiling. For the next month dad and I went fishing, rollerblading, shopping, and all the other things we used to do when mom and he were together. I even met a new friend, Paige. She’s the neighbour’s daughter; she told me we’d be attending the same school together up the street when school re-opens in two weeks. The next day we arranged to go shopping. â€Å"Hey dad, would it be okay if I go shopping with Paige today? † I said. â€Å"Sure hunny, I have to run a few errands and do some grocery shopping anyway, so I’ll drop you two off at the mall. † Dad said, smiling as always. Paige is so nice and out-going to be around. My friends in Texas were more down-to-earth. We would still go places and what not, but Paige’s personality screams fun. â€Å"We need to spice up your wardrobe, all of your out-fits are too toned down for NYC. † Paige said, trying on a vintage pair of black boots. After a couple of hours of shopping, we grabbed something to eat and went home. Home I kept thinking. I like it here, being with my dad made me so much happier. Walking down the busy streets of New York with the sound of cars honking, people shouting for taxis, bargainers trying to sell you their no more than $5 junk, was now what I got to call home. Oddly I loved it. When I got home I took my shopping bags to my room and headed downstairs to watch T. V while waiting on my dad to come home and make dinner. As I reached for the television remote the phone rang. â€Å"Hello, may I speak to Mr. Collins? † â€Å"He’s not home at the moment; would you like me to take a message? † â€Å"Sure, is this Ms. Collins? † â€Å"Yes it is. † I said, realizing soon after this person was probably referring to Ms. Collins as if I was my dad’s wife. A moment before I was about to correct myself, the person started speaking again. Oh, hi Ms. Collins, this is Tom’s doctor, Dr. Lee. Unfortunately I have to break the bad news to you; Tom’s cancer results have come in positive. He has cancer in his right lung and it’s too late to attempt to cure it. I’m extremely sorry to tell you this way; Tom’s appointment was re-scheduled in two weeks from now when school re-opens, he cancelled the appointment scheduled for today knowing he’d want to spend as much time with your daughter arriving from Texas before school started. When I got the results, knowing Tom for so long, I wanted him to know as soon as possible. † I didn’t know what to do, I held the phone to my ear ready to reply but my mind went blank. Eventually I replied and hung up the phone. Did I really just hear that? No, it couldn’t be. My dad couldn’t have cancer, he just couldn’t. Who am I kidding!? His doctor called for god sakes, I just didn’t want to believe it. Moments later my dad walked in the front door. â€Å"Hi hunny. † He said smiling. A Story About Courage. (2017, Feb 23).

American government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American government - Essay Example Gerston (2004) notes that the public agenda changes as public priorities and values shift hence policy making is a continuous process. It involves identification of issues, policy formulation, implementation, evaluation and termination. Problem Identification Problems are identified through various ways. Organized interests play a major role in identifying problems. They act as source of information for formulation and advocacy of policy ideas (Gerston, 2004). The labor movements and unions are instrumental in helping to identify workers plight. They highlight the workers problems such as poor working conditions, unfair wages, basic work safety and fight against child labor. They influence the workers to strike hence making their problems known to the policy makers. The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) managed to establish collective bargaining in American industries in the 20th century. Gershon (2004) acknowledges the fact that triggering mechanisms are the starting point for p ublic policy questions. These mechanisms are unpredictable and impact on peoples lives. For example the current welfare system of America was prompted by the great depression which left millions of people unemployed and without a source of income thereby prompting the president Roosevelt to declare entitlement to government assistance for those affected.

Three information technology topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three information technology topics - Essay Example Three information technology topics When we remind ourselves that it is we who decide how to keep technology busy, we shall be better (Turkle, 2011, p.296).† The Turkle comments criticize the current situation where people cannot survive without technology. Children prefer staying indoors. While inside, the children prefer playing computer games, surfing the internet and online relationships. The children have discarded the prior setup where children prefer face to face games with their neighbors, classmates, and relatives. Turkle insists that people should use computers and other technology devices as tools for increasing face to face communication, relationships, and other physical activities like basketball, volleyball, baseball, chess, and the like. Its difference from her findings in the past. Comparing her findings in the past, Turkle preferred that man cannot survive without technology, especially robots. Sherry Turkle emphasized that her 1984 position was for authenticity. Thus, a person is a better analy st, calculator, decision maker, and creator, when compared to a computer. The computer only follows what its software instructs it to do. On the other hand, the human being can insert other alternative procedures to one question, predicament, or activity. Authenticity is, â€Å"what sex was to the Victorians – threat and obsession, taboo and fascination. I have lived with this idea for many years (Wilks, 2010; p.9†¦)†. Turkle was initially obsessed to come up with new technology that will reduce the individual’s physical exertion. ... During the good old days, people would go the nearest store to buy a pen, paper, and envelope. The person would scribble messages on the paper. Next, the person would seal the letter inside the mailing envelope. Consequently, the person would ride the bus or train to the nearest post office. Upon arriving, the person will line up a long queue of people mailing their envelopes. After the post office clerk receives the person’s envelope, the person returns home. The entire process may take two to four hours, depending upon the traffic situation and the distance between the person’s home and the post office. In addition, Turkle prefers that all persons email their messages. Emails reach their intended receiver with a split second. The entire encoding and emailing process may take less than ten minutes. During the entire email process, the person is hiding behind the closed doors. Similarly, the person can order goods and services online. The person can click the McDonaldâ €™s website, and the McDonald’s crew ill deliver the hamburgers to the person’s home. Consequently, the person reduces face to face encounters. This is the essence of Turkle’s prior stand. 2. WHO DID IT? (Isaacson) Steve Jobs, more than anyone else, is responsible for today's digitech culture. Steve jobs created Apple computers. Before his untimely death, Steve Jobs orchestrated the user friendly computer environment. Steve Jobs was the visionary of product perfection, paving the bright and widening path of computer world conquering. Steve jobs would burn the midnight oil crafting new computer technologies. With infighting brewing up, Steve Jobs left the company that he had founded, Apple. After several years, Apple was on the brink of financial destruction. Consequently, Steve

The New Frontier Essay -- null

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was one of the most famous and influential presidents in the history of the United States. During his presidency, he attempted to make several reforms, supported by his â€Å"New Frontier† legislature. The goals of the New Frontier were to improve school funding, civil rights, and foreign policy. The New Frontier was to make the American population feel as if no frontier was impossible to achieve, including the controversial final frontier of space. Despite the fact that many of his acts and bills were not passed or supported by Congress, the New Frontier was what led to many of the greatest advancements which helped shape America today. The date was January 20, 1961 when Kennedy first mentioned the New Frontier (Nelson 622). He used it as part of his presidential acceptance speech, along with his natural charisma, to pull in support for his highly progressive approach. The term â€Å"New Frontier† itself was something Kennedy created on his own, a term he believed represented the generation of those willing to make change in their country (O’Donnell 224). The New Frontier, an expansion of the New Deal, urged Americans not to ask how can their country contribute more, but rather how they can contribute to the country. The New Frontier did not promise Americans happier lives instantly, it promised gradual change which could only happen if the people of the United States were willing to accept it. (O’Donnell 224). Though there were many who would not accept it, this included a majority of congress, which was very often split on decisions, but this was mostly due to partisanship, a tendency to agre e with one’s political party at all times (Sorenson 342). A major change that came with the New Frontier was the P... ...8). Kennedy would find it difficult to appeal to both the American public and Congress, a problem that would persist throughout his entire presidency. Despite the numerous flaws in Kennedy’s presidency, it can very easily be looked at as a major success. Kennedy remained confident throughout his entire term believing that change can still occur. Though sadly, it would not be until his assassination in 1963, that people would finally begin to understand what his goals were. People no longer felt ashamed of his failures but felt gratitude for his successes, through the advancements in space technology to the civil rights acts, as well as the Peace Corps. He left behind a legacy that could not be forgotten, and an influence that continues to affect people today. Kennedy and his New Frontier changed more than just a nation, he changed the way people today think.

Graphic communication, Essay

In this task I will be identifying the many reasons to why people choose to communicate, and explain how communication may affect relationships within a work setting. Communication is the key to learning as it involves so many different aspects, for example communication is not just verbal it has a lot to do with things like body language, facial expressions and posture. People communicate for many different reasons and ever situation is different in every way. †¢Expressing needs- this is the main reason to why people communicate generally. This applies to people that are both common and uncommon with each other. This does not always involve talking this can be hand gestures, eye contact and body language. †¢To share ideas, information and to reassure- this is also main aspects to why people communicate. Individuals old and young want to portray their views and reassure people around them about certain situations. †¢To express feelings- this is another reason to why individuals communicate, if they don’t want to keep their feelings to themselves they have to communicate in some way to others. For example babies cry when they want something as this is their way of communicating their feelings. †¢To build relationships, socialize and to share experiences- these are reasons to why people communicate as it builds a social life for them, it brings more people around them meaning friends and family, which will mean that they have people who they can relate to and go through all different life experiences with. Read more:  Identify different reasons why people communicate  essay 1.2 – When working with children within a childcare setting, effective communication is key. When dealing with children you are not only dealing with the children who you need to communicate and build a relationship with but the parents and staff. For an individual in a childcare setting it is very important for them to have good relationships with a range of people; meaning, parents, staff, and the children. Communication and relationships come into play with each other very well, this is due to the better relationship you have with another individual the communication is likely to be more effective. Relationships and communication are influenced by certain things for example; the body language, facial expression and the way the other individual listens and talks to you. Building good relationships within the workplace will mean that communicating with everyone will be effective as there will be no problems. It will benefit things that occur in every setting, like sharing and gaining relevant information, supporting the children’s play and learning also working effectively as a team. Effective communication is a major skill that everyone working in a childcare setting must develop as this is the most practical/effective way to meet the needs of the children, parents, families and other members of staff on a daily basis. Communication is key in the daily events of every individual’s life, no matter how it is done either verbal or non verbal.

How to Make a Red Cabbage pH Indicator

Make your own pH indicator solution. Red cabbage juice contains a natural pH indicator that changes colors according to the acidity of the solution. Red cabbage juice indicators are easy to make, exhibit a wide range of colors, and can be used to make your own pH paper strips. Cabbage pH Indicator Basics Red cabbage contains a pigment molecule called flavin (an anthocyanin). This water-soluble pigment is also found in apple skins, plums, poppies, cornflowers, and grapes. Very acidic solutions will turn anthocyanin into a red color. Neutral solutions result in a purplish color. Basic solutions appear in greenish-yellow. Therefore, you can determine the pH of a solution based on the color that it turns the anthocyanin pigments in red cabbage juice. The color of the juice changes in response to changes in its hydrogen ion concentration; pH is the -log[H]. Acids will donate hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution and have a low pH (pH 7). Materials You Will Need Red cabbageBlender or knifeBoiling waterFilter paper (coffee filters work well)One large glass beaker or another glass containerSix 250 mL beakers or other small glass containersHousehold ammonia (NH3)Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3)Washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3)Lemon juice (citric acid, C6H8O7)Vinegar (acetic acid, CH3COOH)Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6)Antacids (calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide)Seltzer water (carbonic acid, H2CO3)Muriatic acid or masonrys cleaner (hydrochloric acid, HCl)Lye (potassium hydroxide, KOH or sodium hydroxide, NaOH) Procedure Chop the cabbage into small pieces until you have about 2 cups of chopped cabbage. Place the cabbage in a large beaker or other glass container and add boiling water to cover the cabbage. Allow at least 10 minutes for the color to leach out of the cabbage. Alternatively, you can place about 2 cups of cabbage in a blender, cover it with boiling water, and blend it.Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish colored liquid. This liquid is at about pH 7. The exact color you get depends on the pH of the water.Pour about 50–100 mL of your red cabbage indicator into each 250 mL beaker.Add various household solutions to your indicator until it changes color. Use separate containers for each household solution—you dont want to mix chemicals that dont go well together. Red Cabbage pH Indicator Colors pH 2 4 6 8 10 12 Color Red Purple Violet Blue Blue-Green Greenish Yellow Tips and Safety This demo uses acids and bases, so use safety goggles and gloves, particularly when handling strong acids (HCl) and strong bases (NaOH or KOH). Chemicals used in this demo may be safely washed down the drain with water. You can conduct a neutralization experiment using a cabbage juice indicator. First, add an acidic solution such as vinegar or lemon, then juice until a reddish color is obtained. Add baking soda or antacids to return the pH to a neutral 7. You can make your own pH paper strips using a red cabbage indicator. Take filter paper (or coffee filter) and soak it in a concentrated red cabbage juice solution. After a few hours, remove the paper and allow it to dry (hang it by a clothespin or string). Cut the filter into strips and use them to test the pH of various solutions. To test a sample, place a drop of liquid on the test strip. Dont dip the strip in the liquid because youll get cabbage juice in it. An example of a basic solution is laundry soap. Examples of common acids include lemon juice and vinegar.